Mars is the fourth planet from Sun:Distance from sun (million km): 228
Revolution: 1,88 years
Diameter (equator): 6.794 km
Period of rotation: 24 h, 37 min
The atmosphere is composed of over 95% carbon dioxide. At the Martian poles are polar ice caps. Because of the extremely elliptical orbit around Sun, the distance between Sun and Mars varies. Therefore temperatures range from -125 degrees Celsius in the winter up to 22 degrees Celsius in the summer.
Martian surface is covered by various rocks and a red soil which is rich in iron. The presence of iron explains the planet's red appearance. Mars contains highlands which occur in the southern hemisphere and lowlands which occur in the northern hemisphere. Its surface has not only been affected by meteorites, but also by volcanic and tectonic activity. Martian mountain Olympus Mons is over 600 kilometers wide and 26 kilometers high. Tectonic activity is in evidence at the tremendous Valles Marineris canyon system, which is over 8 kilometers deep and 4500 kilometers long.
Mars has two moons: Phobos and Deimos.
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