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© Wyman Brantley

Cornucopia literally means 'horn of plenty', and the names are used interchageably. It is a long-lived symbol in Western culture, appearing in contemporary times as a symbol during the holiday called Thanksgiving.

There are two historically accepted origins of the Cornucopia within Greek mythology. The first involves a feud between Hercules and the river god Achelous. The two were suitors for the Dejanira, a nubile maiden of legendary beauty. The competition amounted to a titanic wrestling match, during which Hercules repeatedly gained the upper hand. A shape-shifter, Achelous' changed first into a snake and then a bull to gain leverage against Hercules. While Achelous was in bull form, Hercules extracted one of his horns. The Naiads (water-nymphs) treated the discarded horn as a sacred object, filling it with fragrant flowers. The Goddess of Plenty (Copia) later appropriated the horn, and dubbed it (appropriately enough) The Horn of Plenty, or Cornucopia. The issue of why the Naiads or Plenty would have taken such an interest in the horn apparently has not survived retellings of the legend.

A second tale of origin is rather less complicated, and involves Zeus rather than Hercules. When Zeus was born, his mother Rhea sent him to Crete to be cared for. Melisseus, king of Crete, had several daughters, and the daughters took on the task of raising Zeus. Their goat, Amalthea, provided milk for the young god. Zeus eventually broke off one of Amalthea's horns, and gave the horn the power of producing whatever its possessor desired. He gave the horn to the daughters as a form of thanks.

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